Wood burning boilers for home: the nuances of use
AAn alternative to conventional solid fuel heating devices has become wood-fired boilers for a long time at home, which make it possible to increase the comfort of operation. For example, the DG pellet boiler allows you to load the bunker with pressed pellets from sawdust, enter a program, and forget about heating for 11 days.
Long burning wood fired boiler
The content of the article
Video: boiler DG Cordi
Device, principle of operation, technical characteristics
In the absence of centralized gas supply, solid fuel heating equipment becomes the cheapest to operate. The main problem - the need for periodic reloading of logs into the combustion chamber, is solved by manufacturers in different ways. There are several types of wood burning boilers for a house:
- pyrolysis - separation of combustion products in two communicating chambers, in the first there is smoldering to generate combustible gas, in the second it is ignited to generate thermal energy;
Pyrolysis boiler device
- top ignition - the process starts from top to bottom, one tab is enough for a long time;
Non-volatile long-burning, top-fired boiler
- bunker fuel supply - more often used for pellets, the flow of which into the firebox can be controlled by closing the hopper funnel.
Bunker boiler for long burning
The design and principle of operation of the DG pyrolysis boiler are as follows:
- a preliminary chamber at the top - when logs are slowly burned without oxygen, pyrolysis gas is formed;
- the hood in the upper part is connected to the lower chamber, due to which constant draft is provided;
- lower chamber - by forced ventilation pyrolysis gas is sucked in here, ignited by a ceramic nozzle;
- heat exchanger - jackets of the water circuit passing through the lower chamber, or pipes.
The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler
Helpful information! There are boilers with a horizontal layout of furnaces (for example, from the manufacturer Hephaestus).
A common disadvantage of equipment is volatility. Electricity is needed for the automation unit and the fan.Natural draft DG boilers are a way out for villages with frequent power outages. The leading equipment manufacturer is Teplogarant (brands Bourgeois-K, Trayan).
Boiler Bourgeois-K on natural draft
In these boilers, the afterburner is mounted at the top, which allows the pyrolysis gases to rise into it on their own, no fan is needed. However, another problem arises - the design of a labyrinth system for cooling these gases. More metal is consumed, which increases the cost of equipment.
Labyrinth gas cooling system
The air supply adjustment here is mechanical - a bimetallic lever thermostat, installed in the upper part of the afterburner, is connected by a chain to the blower. After heating to 200 degrees, the door is closed, intense combustion turns into smoldering, gases enter the afterburner through calibrated holes that replace the burner.
Mechanical air regulator
Helpful information! Any pyrolysis boiler will stop working if the log moisture is more than 20%.
A successful design without a heat exchanger is the Bolerian oven, using the convection principle. The lower nozzles on the barrel-collected body suck in air, through the upper ones heated air masses come out.
Convection boiler DG Bolerian
Top-fired mechanical boilers usually have a cylindrical body. After loading the wood is set on fire from above, a massive air damper with holes is lowered onto them, metering the air supply.
Top-fired cylindrical boiler
Related article:
Long burning wood stoves for summer cottages. From this publication you will learn about the types of fireplace stoves, as well as the technology of their device and use.
Advantages, disadvantages, location inside the home
Thus, the existing wood-fired boilers for the home have both advantages and disadvantages:
- pyrolysis modifications - fully automated, controlled by electronics, depending on the temperature of air or water in heating systems, minus - energy dependence;
Pyrolysis boiler control unit
- bunker type - they cannot work on logs, pellets are required, which are more expensive than firewood, an advantage is electronic control;
Pellet boiler device
- mechanical with upper ignition - in 70% of cases, the duration of one firebox does not correspond to the declared capabilities, however, this is a budget heating option for a suburban home.
Top fired mechanical boiler
Efficiency of long burning boilers
Wood-fired boilers for the home, depending on the location of the chambers, have disadvantages:
- afterburning from above - the use of expensive heat-resistant steels;
- afterburning from below - the need for forced draft + penetration of ash into the lower furnace.
Helpful information! To ensure gas generation (pyrolysis), not only firewood can be used, but also wastes from some industries. This data should be checked with the manufacturer / dealer to ensure that costs are reduced by using a low-cost energy source in a specific region.
During installation, standard fire safety measures are used:
- 20 cm minimum to walls, partitions made of combustible structural materials or covered with similar cladding;
- cutting in nodes of passage chimney roofs, floors;
- chimney insulation to reduce condensation.
DG boiler installation
For solid fuel boiler DG can be used sandwich, ceramic, steel pipes. The cross section must be round to provide adequate traction.
Related article:
Wood-fired sauna stoves with water tank. Which oven to choose for your baths? Metal or brickwork? How to mount a water tank? More details in a separate review.
Tips, recommendations
To reduce the operational resource of boilers for long burning on wood for the house, it is recommended to choose modifications with an efficiency of 92%. The fuel is ecologically safe, except for carbon dioxide, there are no harmful emissions of water vapor. In most regions, there are no problems with fuel; it is cheaper than diesel fuel, liquefied propane-butane mixture.
Comparison of heating costs for different types of fuel
However, it should be borne in mind that boilers for long burning on wood and pellets for home are a frequent service. Ash cleaning, periodic reloading of the furnace will be required. The devices have an impressive weight, they are always mounted on a free-standing foundation, which is forbidden to be rigidly tied to the MZLF tape of the dwelling.
Foundation for a solid fuel boiler
Helpful information! Firewood requires more storage space than any other energy source. Moreover, the room will have to maintain the recommended microclimate, since DG boilers are sensitive to wood moisture.
Conclusion
Thus, the owner of a suburban home will be able to choose boiler DG of any modification independently. To do this, it is enough to take into account the prices for the energy carrier in the region, the features of operation, the quality of the power supply to the village.
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